ANNOUNCER: MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" IS PROVIDED BY... [WIND BLOWING] [BIRD SQUAWKS] [THUNDER] [CAR ALARM BLARING] DIFFERENT ANNOUNCER: WHEN THE UNEXPECTED HAPPENS, STATE FARM HAS THE TOOLS TO GET YOU TO A BETTER STATE, PROUD SPONSOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

[CAR HORNS HONKING] [OLD-TIME MUSIC PLAYING] HEY, WELCOME BACK TO "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

I AM ROY UNDERHILL.

I AM SO GLAD YOU CAN BE WITH ME AGAIN TODAY BECAUSE ONCE HE IS THROUGH WITH THE BORING PART, PETER FONSBY IS GONNA SHOW US SOME TO THE MOST EXCITING WOODWORKING EVER.

PETER, THANKS DO MUCH.

THE MOST MALIGNED OPERATION THERE IS IN WOODWORKING.

YEAH.

MAYBE NOW YOU KNOW WHY THEY CALL IT BORING.

HE'S BORING THROUGH, UH, THIS BIG, OLD, GREEN, UH, HUNK OF BOX ELDER, IN THIS CASE, TO HOLLOW IT OUT AND PUT A BOTTOM IN IT.

NOW, THIS IS REALLY GREEN--GREEN WOOD, AND THAT'S THE POINT.

THIS IS VERY GREEN WOOD.

YES.

SO THESE ARE CALLED SHRINK POTS OR SHRINK BOXES.

I LEARNED THEM AS AN OFFSHOOT TO THE SWEDISH SPOON CARVING I LEARNED, HA HA HA!

AND, UH-- YOU'D SAY THIS IS WHAT YOU DID WITH THE BORING STRAIGHT WOOD THAT JUST WASN'T GOOD FOR-- THAT REALLY WAS THE BORING WOOD.

THAT'S RIGHT, SO-- AND THIS IS OUR SHRINK POT HERE.

YEAH.

THAT'S ONE THAT'S GOT A LID ON IT, AND, UH, SO THE GREEN POT SHRINKS AROUND THE DRY BOTTOM WHEN YOU GET EVERYTHING RIGHT.

THERE'S A REAL APPROXI-- THERE'S AN APPROXIMATE PART TO THIS CRAFT AND A REAL PRECISE PART, AS WELL.

AH, AND SO WE START WITH THE BORING RIGHT HERE, UH, WITH THE AUGER, AND, UH, THEN IT'S KNIFE WORK?

YEAH, HOLLOWING, SO TO REFINE THAT WALL THICKNESS.

I CAN SHOW YOU SOMETHING.

YEAH.

LET'S ME JUST SEE THAT ROUND HERE, AND THEN MAYBE I CAN FINISH THIS ONE AND GET A LESSON.

ALL RIGHT.

SOUNDS GOOD.

SO LET'S SEE.

ALL RIGHT.

HERE'S ONE I'VE BEEN HOLLOWING, AND, UH, I USE THE SPOON KNIFE, HMM.

YEAH.

THE HOOK KNIFE, THAT I USE IN CUTTING MY SPOONS, SO-- THAT LOOK LIKE SOME BIRCH.

IS THAT RIGHT?

YOU BROUGHT THIS WITH YOU?

THIS IS A PIECE OF GRAY BIRCH... AH, BEAUTIFUL.

SO I JUST GET IN THERE AND, USING THE CURVE OF THE KNIFE, COME AROUND, AND I'M JUST STARTING TO BEVEL THE ENDS OF THIS IN THE BEGINNING, WOW.

SO I'M HOLDING IT IN MY FINGERS... AND YOU GOT YOUR THUMB THERE ON THE OUTSIDE.

AND MY THUMB IS PULLING LIKE THAT, AND THEN YOU ROLL THE POT AND KEEP COMING AROUND AND AROUND, SO THIS GIVES ME SORT OF A GAUGE TO FIND OUT WHERE TO HOLLOW TO.

HUH, SO THE HOLE GIVES YOU A START, UH, AND I--I SEE WHAT YOU SAY.

OK. YOU DO THE RIM FIRST AND THEN WORK YOUR WAY BACK IN.

NOW I NEED TO MOVE INTO--FURTHER INTO THE INTERIOR TO START TO HOLLOW THAT TO FIX THAT.

IT HAS TO BE DONE THAT SAME DAY.

I MEAN, YOU BORE IT.

YOU HOLLOW IT.

YOU FIT THE BOTTOM IN, AND THEN IT SHRINKS UP BECAUSE THAT'S WHAT WOOD DOES.

FEEL HOW WET THOSE ARE.

OH, YEAH.

GOSH.

THEY'RE SOPPING WET, AND THEY TELL ME THIS IS LIKE-- IT'S LIKE SPONGE.

THEY TELL ME IT'S LIKE HOLLOWING PUMPKINS OR-- YEAH.

YEAH.

SO JUST CARVING IT OUT, VERY OLD TRADITION.

LET ME FINISH SOME OF THE BORING HERE.

UH, I'M GONNA DO, UH, THIS PIECE.

IT'S BOX ELDER, AND WE'VE GOT IT HELD IN THE VISE BUT USING A LITTLE "V" BLOCK THAT WAS USED FOR OTHER JOBS HERE, AND THAT'LL HELP, UH, SUPPORT IT AGAINST CRUSHING, I HOPE, BECAUSE, PETER, YOU'VE HAD THESE CRUSH ON YOU.

WELL, YOU KNOW, THINGS CAN GO WRONG WITH ANYTHING, BUT GENERALLY, IT SHOULD BE ALL RIGHT.

SO WE'RE GONNA HOLD IT THERE, BUT AS I BORE THE HOLE, IT'S GONNA GET, UH, THINNER, AND THIS IS A MODERN, UH, AUGER HERE.

THIS IS THE-- I SAY MODERN--1810 WHEN THESE WERE INVENTED.

THIS IS THE BIG T-HANDLE AUGER THAT PETER WAS USING.

I'M GONNA USE A BRACE AND BIT, SAME STYLE OF AUGER, BUT THEN LET'S SEE IF I CAN GET THIS GUY GOING HERE.

THAT'S A BIG BRACE.

THAT IS, AND SO THIS HAS A LONG THROW HERE, OR JOURNAL, AS THEY SAY ON THE BRACE, AND IF IT-- NOW I'VE GOT TO KEEP IT TIGHT THERE BECAUSE IF IT-- THERE WE GO.

NOW, I CAN JUST BARELY DO THIS WITH THIS AUGER HERE, BUT YOU DON'T CHOOSE, PETER, I DON'T THINK, HARDWOOD, UH, BOXWOOD, OR-- WHEN YOU TOLD ME BOX ELDER, I WAS THINKING BOXWOOD, AND I SAID, "OH, THAT'S GONNA BE AWFUL."

YEAH.

NO.

THIS IS BOX ELDER, AND THAT IS A VERY, VERY SOFT MAPLE, YEAH.

ACER NEGUNDO, UH, SO ABOUT LIKE-- ALMOST LIKE WILLOW BECAUSE THEY MAKE CHARCOAL FROM IT.

YEAH.

I DON'T WANT TO USE A CONIFER, LIKE A SOFT WOOD LIKE A PINE OR SOMETHING, BUT HERE, I'VE GOT THE BIRCH, THE BOX ELDER WE'RE DOING.

THERE WE GO.

WE DID SOME SYCAMORE RECENTLY, AND THOSE ARE--THOSE ARE PUSHING YOUR LUCK, BUT, UH, NICE THING ABOUT THIS KIND OF PROJECT IS, YOU TRY WHAT IS AROUND.

IT'S A TINY, LITTLE SAPLING THAT YOU'RE WORKING WITH.

UH-HUH.

ANYBODY CAN GET A LITTLE, 4-INCH PIECE OF WOOD SOMEWHERE, AND YOU HAVE NOTHING TO LOSE.

WELL, THERE WE GO.

I'M THROUGH HERE, ALL RIGHT?

ALL RIGHT.

SO NOW I HAVE GOT TWO DIFFERENT SIZE HOLES THROUGH THE, UH--THROUGH OUR BOX ELDER BLANK THERE.

YOU CAN SEE RIGHT THROUGH THERE.

AH, THERE WE ARE.

YOU SEE ME, UH, PEEKING RIGHT THROUGH THERE, SO I'M GONNA START WITH A KNIFE, BUT, BOY, PETER, I SAY, YOU KNOW, THIS REMINDED ME OF, UH, TWO OF THE TOOLS HERE THAT I HAD I'VE NEVER USED.

YEAH.

THESE ARE, UH-- ALL RIGHT.

WELL, YOU KNOW WHAT THESE ARE.

THOSE ARE HOLLOWING TOOLS, AREN'T THEY?

THESE ARE FOR WOODEN SHOE MAKERS, SO HERE IS, UH, ONE OF THEIR, UH, KNIVES.

I DON'T KNOW THE NAME, BUT THIS IS A DUTCH SHOE MAKER'S TOOL, LONG HANDLE.

GET IN THERE AND CLEAN THE BOTTOM, SO VERY MUCH LIKE A, UH, NORTHWEST WOODS, UH, CROOKED KNIFE.

SURE, YOURS IS WITH THE BEVEL ON THE INSIDE, AND I'M USING A BEVEL ON THE OUTSIDE.

ON THE OUTSIDE.

YEAH... YEAH.

THAT'S A BEAUTY.

AND THEN THIS ONE HERE, THIS IS THE SPOON AUGER THAT THEY USE, A MUCH OLDER TYPE OF AUGER THAT WAS USED FOR HOLLOWING AND, UH, SO YOU CAN MAKE HOLES IN THIS TIMBER, SO, JUST GETTING TO THE POINT THAT THEY DIDN'T HAVE IT WAIT FOR A--A SPIRAL AUGER IN ORDER TO DO THIS.

AND IT'S SIMILAR WORK.

IT'S HOLLOWING INTO END GRAIN, ISN'T IT?

RIGHT, EXACTLY, FOR MAKING WITH THE WOODEN SHOES AND SO FORTH, SO THEY DO, UH, WOODEN PIPES AND, UH, WOODEN SHOES THE END GRAIN, AND I'M ACTUALLY GONNA TRY A LITTLE BIT WITH A STRAIGHT KNIFE HERE TO SEE IF THIS'LL WORK HERE, SO I HAVE A CURVED ONE, BUT I KNOW A LOT OF FOLKS MAY WANT TO TRY THIS, UH, DO IT WITH A STRAIGHT KNIFE AND JUST WORK LIKE THAT.

YEAH.

SEE, YOU'RE ROLLING THE POT AND THE KNIFE.

YEP.

YEAH, SO I GOT A GOOD GRIP AND THEN A LITTLE LE-- IT GIVE ME A LITTLE LEVERAGE TO ROLL THE POT AROUND LIKE THAT.

YEAH, AND THAT SLOYD KNIFE HAS A LITTLE-- HAS A LITTLE CURVE TOWARDS ITS TIP THAT HELPS YOU HOLLOW IT THERE.

YEAH.

YEAH.

YOU CAN SEE THIS DOWN INSIDE THERE.

YOU CAN SEE THE KNIFE, UH, DOING ITS CUTTING DOWN INSIDE THERE AND TAKING OUT THAT SPIRAL SHAVING.

THERE WE GO, SO YOU CAN DO THIS BUT CHOOSE A GREEN, SOFT WOOD AND ANYTHING THAT YOU WOULDN'T WANT IN YOUR FIREWOOD PILE BECAUSE IT'S TOO LIGHTWEIGHT.

IT'S PROBABLY-- YEAH.

THOSE ARE IDEAL.

PROBABLY GOOD FOR THIS.

ALL RIGHT, SO WE'RE GETTING THERE.

STAY AWAY FROM THE CHERRY AND THE OAK.

YEAH, AND YOU HAVE SOME VERY SPECIAL, UH, SPOON KNIVES, BUT I HAVE ONE THAT I WAS ABLE TO GET, UH, JUST A--AND YOU SAID THAT'S NOT A CROOKED KNIFE.

THESE ARE CALLED HOOK KNIVES.

A HOOK KNIFE.

YEAH.

THE CROOKED KNIFE IS THE NORTHWEST NATIVE AMERICAN IS THAT RIGHT?-- YEAH, AND THIS-- AND ELSEWHERE.

AND THIS ONE'S JUST BRAND-NEW THAT-- I MEAN, I WAS ABLE TO BUY THESE, SO THEY'RE NOT, UH, HARD TO GET A HOLD OF, AND, AGAIN, I WAS TRYING THAT TECHNIQUE OF ROLLING.

YEAH, AND YOU'RE HOLDING IT UNDERHAND.

I ALWAYS HOLD IT OVERHAND.

ROLLING TOWARD-- WELL, UH, YOU KNOW, I GET TIRED, I CAN DO IT THE OTHER WAY.

THIS KNIFE CUTS IN-- ON BOTH EDGES.

IT'S SHARP ON BOTH SIDES.

YEAH.

I HAVE LEFTIES AND RIGHTIES.

YOURS IS TWO IN ONE.

ROLL, ROLL IT AROUND THERE.

YEAH.

ONE OF THE THINGS I'VE FOUND IS THAT THIS IS SO MUCH FUN HOLLOWING THESE THAT YOU HAVE TO BE CAREFUL TO MAKE SURE YOU DON'T MAKE YOUR WALL TOO THIN.

WELL, HOW THIN DO YOU WANT TO MAKE IT?

WELL, I-- LET'S SEE.

YOU KNOW, I WANT IT THINNER THAN THAT A LITTLE BIT, SO MAYBE A STRONG QUARTER-INCH, 5/16.

OK. SOMETHING LIKE THAT, SO I'VE GOT A WAY TO GO HERE IN MY-- YEAH, A LITTLE BIT, BUT IF YOU GET IT TOO THIN, I USUALLY TAKE THE BARK OFF THEM AFTER THE FACT, AND IF YOU'RE TOO THIN, YOU CAN--THAT CAN LEAD TO PERIL LATER.

OH, RIGHT.

WELL, I THINK LEAVING THE BARK ON GIVES IT A LITTLE GRIP, BUT, AGAIN, BARK IS WATERPROOF, SO, UH, IT DOESN'T DRY OUT ON THAT OUTSIDE QUITE AS FAST, WHICH IS TO YOUR ADVANTAGE WHEN YOU'RE, UH, PUTTING THIS STUFF TOGETHER HERE.

THAT'S RIGHT.

I'VE TAKEN TO KEEPING THE BARK ON WHILE I WORK IT AND AFTER THE BOTTOM IS IN, THEN I'LL TAKE THE BARK OFF.

SOME LEAVE IT ON, TOO-- THEY LIKE THE LOOK OF THAT-- AND I THINK DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR, THE BARK WILL STAY PUT.

YEAH.

THINK IN THE SPRINGTIME, IT MIGHT JUST COME OFF, HA HA HA!

AND, UH-- THIS IS GREAT.

NOW, THIS IS--YEAH.

YOU SAY THIS IS A SWEDISH TRADITION.

YEAH.

THAT'S--THAT'S WHERE I LEARNED IT, FROM THE SPOON CARVER JOGGE SUNDQVIST THAT I LEARNED SPOON CARVING FROM.

UH, I DIDN'T ACTUALLY LEARN IT FROM HIM, BUT FROM HIS BOOK, WHICH IS IN SWEDISH, SO I COULDN'T READ IT, BUT I THOUGHT THE PICTURES WERE IN ENGLISH, SO I JUST LEARNED FROM THAT.

HA HA HA!

WELL, GOOD.

WELL, I'LL TELL YOU WHAT.

YOU KNOW, IN LOTS OF CULTURES-- HERE, I'LL SHOW YOU ANOTHER THING HERE THAT IT REMINDED ME OF, MAKING A-- I WAS MAKING AN ASHANTI AFRICAN, UH, DRUM AND, AGAIN, HOLLOWED THIS OUT, AND, YOU KNOW, BECAUSE SOME TREES WILL DECAY IN THE MIDDLE-- YEAH.

THIS IS WILLOW-- IT HAD A LITTLE BIT PUNK DOWN IN THE MIDDLE, AND THAT WAS JUST ENOUGH TO GET THE, UH, GOUGE I USED IN THIS CASE.

SO YOU USED A GOUGE AND A MALLET.

YEAH.

YEAH, SO A LOT OF DIFFERENT CULTURES DO THIS HERE TRYING TO MAKE THIS ASHANTI, UH, DRUM HERE ALL THE WAY AROUND, AND I WAS THINKING, UH, PROBABLY, UH, ONE OF THE TOOLS TO TRY SOME PEOPLE MIGHT HAVE MORE ACCESS TO IS A GOUGE UH, AND PUSH DOWN HERE LIKE THIS, SO YOU-- YOU JUST SHOVE THAT THROUGH AND SHAVE THAT OUT, BUT, BOY, THAT'S-- THAT'S NOT THE WAY, MAN.

IT'S REALLY GREAT WITH THE KNIFE.

THAT'S AN INCANNEL GOUGE, ISN'T IT?

YES, BEVELED ON THE INSIDE, UH, BUT IT JUST REALLY IS NOT, UH--NOT GREAT.

GO WITH THE KNIVES, MAKES SUCH SHORT WORK, REALLY PEELING THAT, AND YOU'RE NOT RUNNING INTO GRAIN PROBLEMS, EITHER.

IT JUST KEEPS ON SLICING.

IT'S ADDICTIVE.

HERE WE ARE, JUST-- HA HA!

I CAN'T STOP.

OK. WELL, WE GOT TO STOP AT SOME POINT AND--AND CUT THE CROZE, SO LET'S GO.

THEN WE CAN GO UNDER THAT.

UH, THE CROZE IS A BARREL MAKER'S TERM, OR A COOPER--EXCUSE ME-- A COOPER'S TERM FOR, UH, THE GROOVE THAT THE HEAD OF THE CASK FITS IN, SO YOU'RE GONNA SEE HOW TO CUT THAT CROZE NOW.

IN FACT, HERE, I'VE GOT A-- THE BARREL WE'VE BEEN KEEPING.

ACTUALLY, THIS IS NOT A-- IS THIS A FIRKIN OR A KILDERKIN?

AH, THOSE COOPERS, THEY HAVE A LANGUAGE ALL THEIR OWN, DON'T THEY?

SO THIS RIGHT HERE IN A, UH, CASK OF ANY KIND, THIS GROOVE RIGHT--THAT GOES AROUND THE BOTTOM THERE, THAT'S, UH, CALLED THE CROZE, AND THE TOOL THAT MAKES THAT GROOVE IS ALSO CALLED, WHAT, THE CROZE.

THE CROZE, BUT IT'S NOT LIKE A MURDER OF CROWS.

IT'S C-R-O-Z-E. C-R-O-Z-E.

I'VE SAID COOPERS' WORK IS LIKE A SCRABBLE GAME RUN AMOK.

SEE HOW THE CASK, THE BOTTOM OF THE CASK, FITS IN, SO WE'RE GONNA DO THAT.

THE ONLY THING IS, WITH THIS CASE HERE, THE NATURAL SHRINKAGE OF THIS, UH, CYLINDER OF WOOD IS GONNA MAKE THAT BOTTOM FIT.

NOW, GO--YOU GOT TO STOP.

YOU GOT TO STOP.

WELL, I THINK WE COULD PROBABLY PUT A GROOVE IN THERE.

YOU'RE GONNA DO THIS ONE?

I DON'T KNOW.

EXCELLENT.

WELL, LET'S GIVE IT A GO-- WHAT THE HECK?-- AND AT THE START, YOU COULD PRACTICE, I THINK, WITH A CROZE, UH, BEFORE YOU'RE DONE, UH, FINISHING THIS, LIKE, JUST GET A PRACTICE BECAUSE YOU CAN JUST KEEP CUTTING AND, UH, CUT DOWN BELOW IT.

SO WHAT I DO IS, UM, I MAKE A-- I MAKE A MARK IN HERE AND THEN CUT IT WITH A KNIFE, SO I'M GONNA PROP IT UP ON THE, UM-- ON THE STUMP AND JUST-- I WANT TO LEAVE ENOUGH WOOD UNDERNEATH THE GROOVE FOR STRENGTH.

YOU DON'T WANT IT TOO CLOSE TO THAT BOTTOM RIM.

SO I'M LOOKING AT, LIKE, 3/8 OF AN INCH, UH, FOR THIS PENCIL LINE, IS WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE THERE.

I DON'T HAVE A RULER IN MY SHRINK POT KIT, AND-- WELL, IT WOULD SHRINK, AND, WELL, I SHOULD SAY, OF COURSE, IT'S NOT GONNA SHRINK IN THAT DIRECTION.

THESE POTS DO NOT GET TALLER AND SHORTER.

THEY ONLY GET, UH, SMALLER-- SMALLER IN DIAMETER AND CIRCUMFERENCE.

SO, UH, THE FIRST WAY THAT I'VE EVER MADE THE GROOVE IS JUST WITH A LONG-BLADED SLOYD KNIFE, AND I HOLD IT SORT OF LIKE A DAGGER, NOT THAT I'VE EVER HELD A DAGGER, AND I'M JUST GONNA SCORE LIGHTLY THAT AND ROLL THE POT AS I'M PULLING THE KNIFE TOWARDS ME AND GO AROUND AND AROUND AND AROUND, SO WHAT I'M DOING IS SCORING THE FIBERS-- OR, REALLY, ACROSS THE FIBERS-- OF THE PIECE TO MAKE A--A DEPTH CUT THERE.

YOU'RE BRACING, IT LOOKS LIKE, AGAINST THE OUTER EDGE THERE A LITTLE BIT.

YEAH.

I HAVE TO TO TRY TO GET IN THERE.

BECAUSE YOU WANT TO ALSO GO AS VERTICALLY AS YOU CAN, YEAH, I'M SURE.

SO NOW THE UNDERSIDE, THE BOTTOM OF THAT CROZE, IS ANGLED, AND THAT IS REALLY THE TOUGH CUT.

YOU DON'T HAVE YOUR KNIFE SUPPORTED AGAINST THE, UH, TOP RIM THERE.

YEAH.

NOW-- SO I DO IT A LITTLE BIT LIKE THAT AND COME BACK IN THERE, AND WHEN YOU MAKE A LOT OF SHRINK POTS, YOU EITHER GET REALLY GOOD AT THIS, OR YOU START DESIGNING TOOLS TO CUT A GROOVE... YOU COME UP WITH--WITH ANOTHER WAY TO DO IT THERE.

BUT I THINK WE CAN SEE THE BEGINNINGS OF THAT--THAT V-SHAPED NOTCH.

LET ME CUT THAT OUT, AND I'LL SHOW YOU.

THERE'S NO SUBSTITUTE FOR, UH, SHARPNESS OR FOR WORKING IN THE GREEN WOOD.

NOW, THIS IS NOT A DRY-WOOD ACTIVITY HERE BECAUSE OTHERWISE, IT WON'T SHRINK, WILL IT?

NO.

NO.

SO I'M JUST BEGINNING TO SEE THAT GROOVE RIGHT THERE.

I SEE IT.

IN FACT, HERE, AND I'VE GOT ONE IN CROSS SECTION.

THIS IS A POT THAT DIDN'T WORK, AND YOU SAW THAT CROSS SECTION.

YOU CAN SEE THE-- THE "V" SHAPE.

THE "V" SHAPE RIGHT THERE OF THAT AND THE WAY THE BOTTOM IS GONNA FIT IN, SO, ALL RIGHT, THAT'S A KNIFE NOW, AND, UH, YOU'RE GONNA LET ME NOW LOOK AT MY-- YOU'VE BEEN TINKERING WITH THINGS, HAVEN'T YOU?

YEAH.

I HAVE BECAUSE, UH-- THAT'S NOT A BAD THING.

YEAH.

WELL, I USE, UH, JOINERS TOOLS HERE.

I HAVE GOT A-- A GAUGE HERE, SO I'VE GOT A GAUGE WITH TWO TEETH ON IT, ONE ON EACH SIDE, SO I'M NOT GONNA CUT BOTH TEETH AT THE SAME TIME, BUT THESE TEETH ARE OFFSET.

ONE IS GOING, UH, A LITTLE BIT DEEPER THAN THE OTHER, SO USING THESE TWO TEETH, UH, RIDING AGAINST THE END, THIS IS WHAT A COOPER'S CROZE IS.

YOU KNOW.

YOU'VE WORKED WITH COOPERS BEFORE.

UH, THIS IS WHAT THEIR, UH, TOOLS LOOK LIKE.

YOU SEE HOW THAT'S DONE A KNIFE CUT THERE, AND I'LL TURN IT OVER, AND IF YOU HAD ONE OF THESE, THERE HAS A-- LET'S SEE.

OH, THAT'S THE SAME CUT.

I'LL DO THIS ONE, IS OFFSET JUST BY THE AMOUNT I WANTED, AND THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT, SO YOU SEE IT'S ACTUALLY STARTED TO TEAR OUT THE WOOD INSIDE THERE A LITTLE BIT, BUT TO FURTHER ROUT IT OUT, I HAVE ANOTHER GAUGE WHERE I'VE TAKEN THE PIN OUT.

YOU CAN SEE WHAT I'VE DONE.

I TAKEN THE END OF A HACKSAW BLADE, SNAPPED IT OFF, AND GROUND IT TO THAT LITTLE, SQUARE, PROTRUDING SECTION, ADJUSTED IT SO IT FITS RIGHT BETWEEN THOSE TWO GROOVES, AND THIS IS TOO TECHNICAL.

I MEAN, THE WHOLE THING IS A THING TO DO BY THE FIRE AND, UH, WITH YOUR KNIFE ALONE, BUT IT'S--IF YOU, YOU KNOW-- BOTH METHODS WILL GET YOU THERE... YEAH.

THEY'LL GET YOU THERE-- WHAT THE HECK, YOU KNOW?--AND-- AND IT'S JUST AS I SAID.

SOONER OR LATER, SOMEBODY COMES ALONG AND DEVELOPS SOMETHING TO MAKE CUTTING THAT GROOVE EASIER.

YEAH.

YOU CAN SEE-- SEE THAT GROOVE, SO THAT--THAT'S NICE AND DEEP IN THERE.

NOW, AS IF THIS WEREN'T ENOUGH, YOU TOLD ME SOMETHING THAT-- HA HA HA!--IT'S CLASSIC.

PEOPLE WOULD TAKE A STANLEY 71, SO THEY SAID-- "LET'S MAKE IT MORE COMPLICATED THAN IT COULD POSSIBLY BE," AND IT WORKS.

IT WORKS GREAT, WORKS GREAT.

SO TAKE A ROUTER PLANE WITH A, UM-- UH, WE'RE KIND OF GETTING OUT OF THE SPIRIT OF THE WHOLE THING, THOUGH.

THE SPIRIT OF SLOWING.

YES.

YEAH.

YEAH, SO YOU SET THE CUTTER DOWN DEEP, AND YOU CAN SEE HOW THAT CUTTER RUNNING THIS AROUND, BUT THIS IS WHAT A COOPER WOULD DO, USE THE KNIFE IN THERE, CUTTING THE INSIDE, AND YOU'LL SEE THE, UH, KNIFE SITTING DOWN IN THERE, AND TURN THAT AROUND, AND THAT WILL CUT THAT LINE JUST AS NICE AS YOU PLEASE WITH THAT SPEAR POINT, BUT HAVING A STANLEY 71 ON YOUR SHRINK POT-- IT-- IT'S OVERENGINEERING AT ITS EXTREME RIGHT THERE.

YEAH.

YEAH.

OK, NOT--NOT QUITE WHAT WE HAD IN MIND.

NEVERTHELESS, LET'S SEE ABOUT THE BOTTOM NOW, SO WE'VE GOT THAT CROZE CUT IN ALL THE WAY AROUND.

AND THEN SO THIS ONE HAS A GROOVE.

MM-HMM.

LET'S USE THIS ONE.

ALL RIGHT.

UM, SO, UH-- ALL RIGHT.

MOVE THIS ONE DOWN HERE.

I TEND TO--I TEND TO TRY LINE UP-- YOU KNOW, YOU'RE LOOKING DOWN THROUGH THE TOP OF IT.

I LINE THAT CIRCUMFERENCE UP WITH ONE EDGE OF MY LITTLE-- WE HAVE A LITTLE SOFTWOOD, PIECE OF WHITE PINE THAT'S-- WHAT IS THAT?--3/8 OF AN INCH THICK OF SOMETHING, AND I--IN MY SHOP, I USE A LONG-BLADED AWL, OR YOU CAN SNEAK IN THERE WITH A PENCIL AND JUST VERY CAREFULLY TRACE THAT CIRCUMFERENCE SO YOU GET AN ACCURATE FOOTPRINT OF THAT BOTTOM RIM ON THERE... ALL RIGHT, AND NOW I SAW THAT OUT.

AND THEN SAW THAT OUT, AND WE'LL TRIM IT TO FIT IN THERE.

I'M GONNA DO THIS REAL QUICK WITH A COPING SAW, BUT YOU CAN DO THE WHOLE THING WITH A KNIFE, UH, ONCE YOU'VE TRACED IT IN.

NOW HERE WE GO.

DO I SAW RIGHT TO THE LINE, OR-- I WOULD SAW REAL CLOSE TO THE LINE, AND THEN WE'LL PARE-- WE'LL PARE THE FINAL SHAPE WITH, UH, THE SLOYD KNIFE TO THEN TRIM IT AND BEVEL IT.

BUT--BECAUSE IF IT'S TOO SMALL, IT'S TOO SMALL.

IF IT'S TOO SMALL, IT'S FOR YOUR NEXT SHRINK POT.

THAT'S RIGHT... HA HA!

OK.

RIGHT.

ALL RIGHT.

AND IT'S--IT'S TRIAL AND ERROR CUTTING THESE BOTTOMS, SO THERE'S PLENTY OF TIMES WHEN I'VE CUT THEM AND SAID, "WELL, THAT ONE, I PARED THAT LAST LITTLE BIT OFF, AND THAT WAS TOO MUCH," AND THEN IT ONLY TAKES A MINUTE TO CUT OUT ANOTHER ONE.

ALL RIGHT.

WELL, I CUT TOO CLOSE ON ONE SIDE AND TOO, UH, WIDE ON THE OTHER, SO YOU'LL-- YOU'LL HAVE TO JUST OFF--OFFSET IT A LITTLE BIT THERE.

WE'LL SEE HOW IT'S GONNA WORK.

ALL RIGHT.

THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

THERE'S YOUR BLANK, UH, READY TO GO FOR THE BOTTOM, SO NOW IT'S KNIFE-TRIMMING TIME.

ALL RIGHT, AND THERE YOU ARE, ALL RIGHT, AND I'M GLAD THIS ONE'S A LITTLE BIT BIGGER.

IT MAY NOT BE SO INSANE FOR YOU TO, UH, HOLD IT.

LITTLE EASIER TO HOLD THE LARGER ONES.

YEAH, SO, UH, SOME OF WHAT I DO, I LIKE TO BEVEL THEM BEFORE I TRIM IT BECAUSE THEN I'M NOT TRIMMING THAT WHOLE THICKNESS, AH.

OK.

SO TO BEVEL IT, I JUST USE MY SLOYD KNIFE AND SOME OF THE SPOON GRASPS.

ONE OF THEM IS JUST PARING THAT WAY, KEEPING MY FINGERS DOWN OUT OF THE WAY, AND ANOTHER ONE IS COMING TOWARDS ME THIS WAY, AND I'VE TUCKED MY THUMB DOWN UNDER THE PIECE OF PINE...

SO IT'S BEHIND THERE AND PROTECTED A LITTLE BIT.

AND THEN JUST PULL THAT, AND I WANT A LONG BEVEL, NOT SOMETHING REALLY ABRUPT, AND I WANT TO LEAVE THAT BIT... MM-HMM.

TO BE ABOUT THE HEIGHT OF YOUR-- THE THICKNESS EQUALS ABOUT THE HEIGHT OF YOUR GROOVE.

SO REALLY, IN THAT V-SHAPED GROOVE, YOU WANT TWO POINTS OF CONTACT, UH, TOP AND BOTTOM, BUT PEOPLE ASK ME ALL THE TIME, SAY, "ARE THESE THINGS WATERTIGHT?"

WELL, I--I DON'T REALLY THINK SO.

I HAVE DRINKING GLASSES AT HOME, AND, UH, I SEE THEM AS SORT OF LIKE CANISTERS IN THE KITCHEN.

WELL, THE TRUTH IS, YOU KNOW, IT-- IT'S A SHRINK POT, AND IT'S THE NATURAL LOSS OF WATER THAT MADE IT SHRINK UP TIGHT AROUND THERE, UNLIKE A BUCKET THAT'S CONSTRICTED BY THE BANDS.

UH, THIS, THE EXPANDING WOOD, SO YOU PUT LIQUID IN THERE, IT JUST EXPANDS BIG AGAIN.

THE BOTTOM FALLS OUT.

EVERYTHING LEAKS.

THEN IT DRIES AGAIN.

I THINK YOU'D BE IN FOR TROUBLE, BUT WHO KNOWS?

UH, ANOTHER WAY I SOMETIMES DO THIS INSTEAD OF ALL FREEHAND... ON THE-- ON THE STUMP.

IS TO JUST BRACE IT ON THE STUMP YEAH.

YEAH.

A LITTLE BIT JUST AS A-- SORT OF USE IT LIKE A CHOPPING BLOCK FOR A KNIFE INSTEAD OF FOR AN AX.

WELL, BECAUSE THIS ONE'S A LITTLE EASIER BECAUSE YOU'VE GOT BIG-- BIGGER, UH, STOCK HERE THAN WE HAD BEFORE.

YEAH, EASIER TO GET AT, SO THAT'S HOW I TRIM THEM, AND YOU JUST HAVE TO KEEP GOING AROUND AND AROUND IT, HAVE TO BE CAREFUL ON THE LONG GRAIN ON THE SIDES RIGHT HERE BECAUSE IT GETS KIND OF WEAK THERE.

AND THEN THAT'S JUST TRIAL AND ERROR.

YEAH, SO YOU DON'T WANT TO PARE THIS ONE THIS WAY.

YOU NEED TO GO ALONG IT LIKE THAT.

NOW, I WANTED TO ASK YOU, ON THIS ONE HERE, YOU'VE GOT IT, UM, MARKED, UH, WITH A PENCIL LINE.

I HAD THE SENSE TO PUT A LITTLE REGISTRATION KEY ON THERE BECAUSE IT'S SUCH A WONKY SHAPE, AH.

UH, THAT IT MIGHT GO THIS WAY, BUT IT--IT CERTAINLY WON'T GO THE OTHER WAY, TOO.

SHOULD I START IT IN THERE?

YEAH.

LET'S--LET'S TRY IT.

OK, SO THIS, IT'S GOT TO BE A REAL TIGHT FIT, I KNOW, AND ALSO WANT TO GET ONE END-- AH, ALMOST GOT IT.

I THINK THE PENCIL END WILL GO IN.

OK. LET ME GET IT RIGHT IN THAT GROOVE AND START IT.

THERE WE ARE.

OK. AM I IN THERE?

OH, IT COME UP JUST A LITTLE BIT-- I KNOW.

HOW DO YOU DO IT?

ALL RIGHT.

I'M GONNA LET-- LET'S SEE YOU DO IT.

LET'S SEE.

LET'S GIVE IT A LITTLE SHOVE, AND-- I HAD SOMETHING TO POKE AT IT FROM UNDERNEATH IF YOU NEED TO.

YOU WANT TO POKE IT UP?

JUST COME UP A TINY BIT.

GO RIGHT UP THERE.

OK.

THERE WE GO.

ALL RIGHT.

OH, LOOK AT THAT.

OK. NOW-- ALL RIGHT.

NOW YOU WANT TO POKE IT DOWN.

YEAH.

TAP THAT.

TAP IT EVENLY, I ASSU--YEAH.

ALL RIGHT.

UH, IT'S GIVING.

LET'S SEE IF IT GOES.

OH, NOW WE'RE COMING.

[POP] THAT'S IT.

TINY BIT MORE, TINY BIT MORE?

RIGHT THERE.

[CLACK] I HEARD IT.

OK. YEAH, SO-- ALL RIGHT, SO THAT'S IN THERE.

LOOK AT THAT.

NOW, THIS, AGAIN, THE GREEN WOOD IS GONNA SHRINK UP AROUND THAT AND MAKE THAT JUST DEAD TIGHT CANISTER IN THERE, SO NOW THIS HAS THE BARK ON IT.

NOW YOU TAKE IT OFF?

YEAH.

I--I LIKE TO, UH, PEEL THEM, AND YOU CAN DO THAT A LOT OF DIFFERENT WAYS.

YOU CAN DO IT WITH A SPOKESHAVE.

YOU CAN DO IT WITH A SLOYD KNIFE... OR YOU CAN LEAVE THE BARK ON IT.

OR YOU CAN LEAVE THE BARK ON.

YOU CAN CUT THROUGH AND LEAVE SOME BARK LIKE THIS AND SOME OF THE CAMBIUM, START TO GET SOME CONTRAST, SO I GO AROUND AND PEEL THE WHOLE THING.

BUT I KNOW YOU WELL ENOUGH TO KNOW THAT THE REASON YOU MAKE THESE THINGS ENTIRELY IS SO HE--SO HE CAN DECORATE THEM WITH, UH, THE LITTLE 3 CUTS.

UH, WHAT DO YOU CALL IT?

THE, UH--THE GERMAN IS DREI SCHNITTE?

THAT'S RIGHT, WHICH IS 3 CUTS OR SHAVINGS.

UM, CHIP CARVING WE CALL IT.

YOU GOT A LITTLE PAINTED, UH, ONE UP NOW.

YEP.

WELL, WHAT I DID IS USED IRON OXIDE AND FLAX OIL TO PAINT THIS ONE... MM-HMM.

AND JUST, UH, USE A SMALL DETAIL KNIFE-- A REAL THIN-BLADED, TRIANGULAR KNIFE-- AND PIERCE THAT RIGHT HERE.

THAT'S CUT NUMBER ONE.

ALL RIGHT.

CUT NUMBER TWO.

WELL, THIS-- THIS IS TWO.

THIS IS 4 SCHNITTES.

YEAH, SO THIS IS JUST TO MAKE THE-- THIS IS JUST TO MAKE THE MARGIN, SO I'VE ANGLED THE KNIFE... MM-HMM.

AND JUST SLIDE DOWN TO THAT CUT... MM-HMM.

QUITE A SWEEP TO THIS LINE, BUT THAT'S ALL RIGHT, AND NOW AT THE OPPOSITE ANGLE, I'VE REALLY JUST TURNED THE POT AROUND.

I'VE KEPT THE KNIFE IN THE SAME SPOT, AND THERE YOU SEE THAT SHAVING COMING OUT.

JUST A THINNER VERSION OF THE CROZE THAT YOU CUT BEFORE.

LOOK AT THAT SHAVING.

THAT--THAT IS PERFECT.

SO THEN A TRIANGLE IS JUST, UH-- YOU USE DIAMONDS AND TRIANGLES AND MALTESE CROSSES, SO ONE CUT HERE, ANOTHER ANGLE HERE, FLIP IT AROUND, AND THAT ANGLE THERE AND THEN-- YEAH.

ALL RIGHT, AND THEN JUST KEEP ON, SO THAT'S JUST A REPETITION OF THESE, UH, LITTLE, UH, DIAMOND SHAPES.

YOU CAN MAKE THEM COME OUT IN A STAR.

THIS IS IN RAW WOOD, BUT YOU'RE SAYING YOU COULD RUB PIGMENT DOWN IN THERE.

YEAH, SO THERE'D BE THE REVERSE OF THIS.

YOU COULD TAKE THAT THIN PIGMENT MIXED IN FLAX OIL AND JUST RUB IT IN THERE.

FLAX OIL AND IRON OXIDE, SO ALL NATURAL, UH, COLORS ON THERE-- THIS IS JUST WONDERFUL-- AND THEN MAKE A LITTLE LID FOR IT, AND YOU'VE GOT YOURSELF A SWEDISH SHRINK BOX.

MM.

YEAH.

EXCELLENT STUFF, SO THIS, AGAIN, UH, I GUESS YOU WANT TO MAKE THIS, UH, LID AFTER IT HAS SHRUNK DOWN BECAUSE-- YEAH.

YEAH.

YOU DON'T WANT TO GET YOUR LID STUCK ON THERE.

YEAH.

ALL RIGHT.

VERY GOOD.

WELL, THANKS SO MUCH.

OUR TIME HAS SHRUNK.

PETER FONSBY, THANK YOU SO MUCH.

I APPRECIATE IT, AND THANK YOU FOR JOINING US.

MAY THE GRAIN BE WITH YOU ALWAYS.

THIS IS ROY UNDERHILL HERE IN THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP.

WE'LL SEE YOU NEXT TIME.

SO LONG.

ANNOUNCER: LEARN MORE ABOUT TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING ON OUR WEBSITE.

YOU CAN FIND US AT PBS.ORG/WOODWRIGHTSSHOP.

ANNOUNCER: MAJOR FUNDING FOR "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP" IS PROVIDED BY... [WIND BLOWING] [BIRD SQUAWKS] [THUNDER] [CAR ALARM BLARING] DIFFERENT ANNOUNCER: WHEN THE UNEXPECTED HAPPENS, STATE FARM HAS THE TOOLS TO GET YOU TO A BETTER STATE, PROUD SPONSOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S SHOP."

DIFFERENT ANNOUNCER: BE MORE.

PBS.

DIFFERENT ANNOUNCER: ROY UNDERHILL IS THE AUTHOR OF "THE WOODWRIGHT'S GUIDE: WORKING WOOD WITH EDGE AND WEDGE" AS WELL AS OTHER BOOKS ON TRADITIONAL WOODWORKING, ALL PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA PRESS AND AVAILABLE IN BOOKSTORES AND LIBRARIES.